The Ethics Of The California Penal Code Essay - 1542 Words

California Penal Code; 187 is very well known, refers to murder. Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought. Indeed, we the people like to question every law to know the punishment. Murder has different levels accompanied with different scenarios. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing and analyzing the following: degrees of murder, Felony Murder Rule, and manslaughter. In the United States the degrees of murder were created by legislatures. Pennsylvania was the first state to depart from common law in 1794, that divided murder into first and second degree. (Samaha, pp333). The elements of common law murder are: actus reus voluntary act of killing another person, mens rea express or implied malice aforethought, circumstances 1. victim reasonable person or human being and 2. all person except alien enemy in times of war, all lead to the harm (Samaha, 2015). The elements of modern law are actus reus, mens rea, causation, death , and attendant circumstances if any. First-degree murder is the only crime in which the death penalty can be imposed, consisting of premeditated, deliberate intent to kill murders, and felony murders. First-degree has to be willfully committed meaning the intent to kill, purposely, knowingly, and at common law a specific intent. In this degree atrocious means wicked, cruel, or brutal and heinous means hateful. They are important terms that help define the punishment. First-degree murderShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Management and Operations Paper1316 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the functions of each level of policing. Local policing agencies enforce state penal codes and local municipal codes and ordinances of the areas they occupy. Whenever any crime or unlawful activity takes place, a complaint is lodged and police officers respond to the scene of crime as soon as possible. Contrary whenever officers working patrol see a crime in-progress or a violation of city codes the officer stops and addresses the issue. Local police look after the safety of the neighborhoodRead MoreThe Health Care Team Who Is Responsible For Providing Basic Nursing Care1186 Words   |  5 Pagesnurse has to work within their scope of practice; however, patients are the main priority into their working environment. LVN are required to work under the supervision of Physician and RN’s. Nurses are bound by the guidelines, regulations, and code of ethics and they must follow them. LVN scope of practice includes assessment (data collection), planning, implementation, patient education, and evaluation. LVN can perform al l these practices under the supervision of RN or physician. Assessment hasRead MoreSocial Workers Code Of Ethics1110 Words   |  5 PagesSocial worker’s code of ethics â€Å"is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty† (NASW Code of Ethics). In the lobbying days with social workers, we introduced three bills that are very important in our community, mainly our most vulnerable population whose power has been taken away by the superior groups. Unfortunately, many of this bills and lawsRead MoreThe Campus Of The University Of California1764 Words   |  8 PagesOverview: On the campus of the University of California, Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar just two months after being detained by campus police for making such threats in a counseling session. According to Public Health Law, Poddar expressed that he was going to carry out the action of murder during two different counseling sessions, which his psychologist, Dr. Moore, had no choice but to have him detained. He was released after promising to stay away from Tarasoff, however, he followedRead MoreThe Collaborative Conversation ( Flemons Gralnik )1886 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscussed within the therapeutic relationship are confidential. In the State of California it is illegal to aid and abet suicide, but not illegal to attempt self harm or suicide (California Penal Code 401., 2015).  Ã‚  California Civil Code 1024, (NCSL, 2015), states that there is no privilege if a licensed clinician believes that the client is dangerous to themselves or to others.  Ã‚  Therefore, in the S tate of California, if a client is believed to be at risk of themselves, then the confidentiality ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat : Eating Animals By Jonathan Safran Foer1056 Words   |  5 PagesWhile researching books for the major project, I stumbled upon a book over the ethics of eating meat: Eating Animals by Jonathan Safran Foer, published on November 2, 2009. Coming from a rural, agrarian background, my curiosity about why anyone in his right mind would want to become a vegetarian grew immensely when I discovered the book. Foer’s main audience appears to be those on the fence about whether to eat meat or those uninformed about factory farming. This book was not meant for individualsRead MoreWords Printed Under The Part-Time Job Section Of A Local1886 Words   |  8 Pagesprisoner affected a person. Additionally, this study was designed to see how power, even while simulated, could change someone, turning them away from a fixed set of morals. In fact, experiments like this would not pass any of the ethics codes set in the past twenty years (Ethics Code, American Psychological Association). The intentions of this experiment were initially innocent, but as each day passed, the subjects – more so in the case of the prisoners – endured extreme psychological and physiologicalRead MoreThe Career Profession Of A Police Officer Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagestheir surroundings and in their communities. I feel that you should be able to feel safe in your own surroundings and be protected by the law when something goes wrong. A high school diploma, G.E.D. or equivalent from a U.S. Institution, or a California High School Proficiency Examination (CHSPE) certificate is required (JoinLAPD). Or a two-year or a four-year college degree from an accredited U.S. or foreign institution may be substituted for the high school requirement. I have graduated fromRead MoreHewlett Packard Scandal s Internal And External Stakeholders Essay2131 Words   |  9 Pagesidentify ethical violations that are committed by individuals on a personal level in business organizations. Brief History of Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard (HP) was founded by William Hewlett and David Packard in a small garage in Palo Alto, California in 1939 and grew into a successful company that provided leading technological innovations. HP grew into a global, high-tech company specializing in developing and manufacturing information technology (IT) including personal computers, industryRead MoreRights and Status of Illegitimate Child, with Reference to Islam and Pakistan2225 Words   |  9 Pages Chapter three: Defense for the Rights of Illegitimate Child†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Chapter four: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦7 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.8 Bibliogrophy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Abstract According to section 338 and 338 B of Pakistan’s penal code, induced abortion (Isqat-Hamal and Isqat-e-Jnain) is strongly prohibited by the law, except in the case where mother’s life is in danger [1]. So, with the implications of the law there is a condition to give birth to every child, either it is the

Climate Change And Its Impacts On The Environment - 935 Words

Over the past few decades, the world has rapidly deteriorated in terms of the environment. There are numerous factors that contribute to the deterioration of the earth and one significant factor is due to the issues of climate change. Majority of environmental as well as social scientist that cares about the world defines climate change as the primary source of global risk since it could have severe impacts on the future generations. In addition, the general meaning of the term ‘climate change’ is defined as the change in regional or global climate patterns and it is mainly caused by human activities such as deforestation and emission of harmful gases that pollutes the environment. The future generations are affected in a way that survivability in the world would be tougher and lifestyle would be different compared to the present. In the following essay, climate change will be discussed by relating it to the issue of sustainable development as well as identifying several implications of a continued â€Å"Business as Usual† approach and concluding by providing several objectives and alternatives to improve sustainability of the world. Before continuing towards the discussion of the connection between climate change and sustainability, the term ‘sustainable development’ or ‘sustainability’ will be explained first. The term ‘sustainable development’ is relatively similar with the term ‘sustainability’ and both can be interpreted from variety of aspects. Due to the work of WorldShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Climate Change On The Environment1652 Words   |  7 PagesBiodiversity is one of many areas impacted by climate change. Species and ecosystem modeling has shown that there are potential changes that can occur certain key biodiversity sectors (McMahon et al., 2011). Researchers have created analysis on how changes in climate and levels of CO2 can impact different structures of vegetation and their function, including productivity in growth (Scheiter Higgins, 2008), ecosystem-based adaptation approaches and conservation plans (Cowling Egoh, 2007). ThereRead MoreImpact Of Climate Change On The Environment1338 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Climate change is an issue that is currently threatening the entire world, it is occurring as a result of human activity intensifying the greenhouse effect and concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, resulting in negative changes to the global climate (Lohmann, 2002). Tourism is particularly vulnerable to the direct and indirect impacts of climate change as the climate influences the appeal, attractiveness and suitability of a destination (Rutty Scott, 2014). Moore (2010)Read MoreClimate Change And Its Impact On The Environment Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesWith the increasingly growing concern of climate change and its impact on the environment, it is reasonable to ask how the environment will affect Earth s living organisms, from the small to the big (Freitas et al., 2015). Fish are poikilothermic organisms, meaning their body temperature is susceptible to and easily influenced by external environmental changes. The metabolic rate, defined as the total chemical activi ty in an organism, also changes with body temperature (Pfluegl 2014). These factorsRead MoreThe Impact Of Climate Change In Australia And The Environment1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the agriculture business sector. However, there may be additional information included to help support our findings. Presently the agriculture system is already struggling with the increased demand for food and renewable energy. Now with the climate change issues of temperature increases, raised sea levels, the issues of water scarcity, pollution, and soil degradation are also now playing a large factor in today’s struggles. Small differences in weather or more specifically temperature can affectRead MoreThe Impact Of Climate Change On The Health And Welfare Of People And The Environment2203 Words   |  9 PagesClimate change. A phrase that encompasses a vast wealth of information, the totality of which is difficult to fathom let alone concisely elaborate upon in a condensed format such as a course or writing assignment. Through this course, the interconnectedness with which humans influence the balance of climate change is abundantly clear. Ecosystems plants and animals depend on are all connected and influencing one another but these scales are imbalanced, mostly as a result of human activities. TheRead MoreEssay on Global Warming: Impact of Climate Change on the Environment2327 Words   |  10 Pagesplace, country, city, region has its own climate. Climate plays one of the important roles in people’s life. Climate is defined as the average weather, which means variety of weather conditions as rain, snow, hail, sun, and wind over period of time about 30 years that can be measured in any particular place.( IPCC Third Assessment Report - Climate Change 2001; editor:A.P.Baede) Climate change is a variation of average weather. There are 2 causes of climate change. The first is human activity which includesRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Food Production17 18 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of climate change is Queensland (Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence, 2010, page 23). Queensland has one of the world’s highest rates of greenhouse gas emissions per capita, which has only continued to increase over the last decade (Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence, 2010, page 23). The last decade was the warmest recorded in Queensland’s history, with temperatures being 0.58 degrees Celcius higher than the average for the past four decades (Queensland Climate Change CentreRead MoreThe Impact of International Tourism on Global Environmental Change1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction International tourism can now be recognised as one of the biggest contributing sectors for many countries’ GDP. Moreover, it has transformed them in many aspects such as economic, socio-culture, and environment. International tourism involves activity of inbound and outbound tourist of a country and resident or non-resident visitors within the country (World Tourism Organisation 2014). The World Tourism Organisation has predicted the growth of tourism activities to increase by an averageRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change957 Words   |  4 Pages If the issue of global climate change is not addressed properly, it will create enormous economic challenges that will create huge price tags on the global economy; that is why we need to give much attention by proposing international policy because it will bolster cooperation between countries and international organizations by formulating policies for the general good of society. Climate change plays a key role in our day to day activities. The changes in climate will affect our movement, healthRead MoreEducation of the Environment1358 Words   |  6 Pagesrun researching climate change and the affects of those changes are becoming increasing evident as time passes. These changes are being observed in every aspect of the environment whether that includes water sources, farmland, or even human lives itself. The issues related with a changing climate are continually becoming more important within the everyday life of Americans, but with that also comes the critics that are under the assumption that it is all a hoax and that the changes experienced are

Graphene Replaced with Copper Free Essays

string(89) " work with fellow researchers Yinxiao Yang, Kevin Brenner, Thomas Beck and James Meindl\." Graphene replaced with copper Graphene nanoribbons have a current-carrying capacity two orders of magnitude higher than copper Recent research into the properties of graphene nanoribbons provides two new reasons for using the material for interconnects in future computer chips. In widths as narrow as 16 nm, graphene has a current-carrying capacity approximately a thousand times greater than copper while providing improved thermal conductivity. The current-carrying and heat-transfer measurements were reported by a team of researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, GA). We will write a custom essay sample on Graphene Replaced with Copper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The same team had previously reported measurements of resistivity in graphene that suggest the material’s conductance would outperform that of copper in future generations of nanometer-scale interconnects. The graphene nanoribbons have a current-carrying capacity two orders of magnitude higher than copper at these size scales, according to Raghunath Murali, a senior research engineer at Georgia Tech. {draw:frame} Composed of thin layers of graphite, graphene has been studied by the Georgia Tech team as a potential replacement for copper in on-chip interconnects wires. The graphene nanoribbons have a current-carrying capacity of more than 108 A/cm2, which makes them very robust in resisting electromigration and should greatly improve chip reliability. This electromigration phenomenon causes transport of material, especially at high-current density and leads to a break in the wire and, consequently, chip failure. The research team also discovered that the graphene nanoribbons also have excellent thermal conductivity properties and can conduct heat away from devices. They found that graphene nanoribbons have a thermal conductivity of more than 1,000 W/m Kelvin for structures less than 20 nm wide. This will help the interconnects serve as heat spreaders in future generations of integrated circuits, according to Murali. They used electron beam lithography to construct four electrode contacts, then used lithography to fabricate devices consisting of parallel nanoribbons of widths ranging between 16 and 52 nm and lengths of between 0. 2 and 1  µm. The breakdown current density of the nanoribbons was then studied by slowly applying an increasing amount of current to the electrodes on either side of the parallel nanoribbons. A drop in current flow indicated the breakdown of one or more of the nanoribbons. In the study of 21 test devices, the researchers found that the breakdown current density of graphene nanoribbons has a reciprocal relationship to the resistivity. Because graphene can be patterned using conventional chip-making processes, manufacturers could make the transition from copper to graphene without a drastic change in chip fabrication. The data they developed so far look very promising for using this material as the basis for future on-chip interconnects. Visit www. youtube. com/watch? v=kd6zzwhfEqw to view a video explaining graphene’s thermal-conductivity capabilities. Though one of graphene’s key properties is reported to be ballistic transport—meaning electrons can flow through it without resistance—the material’s actual conductance is limited by factors that include scattering from impurities, line-edge roughness and from substrate phonons—vibrations in the substrate lattice. Use of graphene interconnects could help facilitate continuing increases in integrated circuit performance once features sizes drop to approximately 20 nanometers, which could happen in the next five years, researchers said. At that scale, the increased resistance of copper interconnects could offset performance increases, meaning that without other improvements, higher density wouldn’t produce faster integrated circuits. This is not a roadblock to achieving scaling from one generation to the next, but it is a roadblock to achieving increased performance. Dimensional scaling could continue, but because we would be giving up so much in terms of resistivity, we wouldn’t get a performance advantage from that. That’s the problem we hope to solve by switching to a different materials system for interconnects Survey in graphene replaced with copper PORTLAND, Ore. —Graphene will carry nearly 1,000-times more current and run over 10-times cooler than conventional copper interconnects below 22-nanometer line widths, according to researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). The speed (electron mobility) of graphene has already been touted as better than copper, but this Georgia Tech data on nanoribbons as small as 16-nanometers quantifies just how superior carbon is to copper. The graphene nanoribbons tested at Georgia Tech could carry as much as 10 billion amps per square centimeter—nearly a thousand times greater than copper. â€Å"No one had measured graphene’s current carrying capacity before this,† said Raghunath Murali, a senior research engineer in Georgia Tech’s Nanotechnology Research Center. One possible reason that this property of graphene was not touted before is that there were no experimental results until our work. † The superior current carrying capability of carbon formed into graphene nanoribbons is also combined with less heat build-up, since carbon’s thermal conductivity is much higher than copper. Nanoribbons have a thermal conductivity of 1,000-to-5000 watts per meter Kelvin—ten time s greater than copper. The Georgia Tech researchers also claim that graphene nanoribbons will mitigate electro-migration which is an increasing problem for copper as line widths descend to the nanoscale. If the current carried through a wire is close to the current-carrying capacity of the wire, then the chances of electromigration are greater than if the current in the wire is much smaller than the current-carrying capacity,† said Murali. â€Å"Graphene has over two orders of magnitude greater capacity than copper, thus if a graphene wire is compared to a copper wire carrying the same current, then the graphene wire will better resist electromigration. † Murali’s team obtained their graphene samples by removing layers from a graphite block and depositing them on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. E-beam lithograhy was used to construct the metal contacts and cut the parallel lines of graphene into lines 16-to-52 nanometers wide and 200-to-1000 nanometers long. There are three hurdles remaining to commercialization of carbon interrconnects, according to the researchers at Georgia Tech: perfecting methods of growing monolayers of graphene over entire wafers (since today only small centimeter-sized areas can be easiliy grown in monolayers), fabricating vias to interrconnect graphene nanowires, and integration of carbon into the back-end of process on a CMOS line. Murali performed the work with fellow researchers Yinxiao Yang, Kevin Brenner, Thomas Beck and James Meindl. You read "Graphene Replaced with Copper" in category "Papers" This research was funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Interconnect Focus Center, the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative and the Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery and Exploration (INDEX). Replacing silicon {draw:frame} Silicon transisitors are approaching the point where further miniturization will no longer be possible. It is expected that once silicon transistors reach 16nm size, optical lithography will no longer be capable of making smaller images. Thus, unless all preogress in transistor size is terminated and performance improvements are limited to processor architecture alone, it is very likely that chip manufacturers will move to graphene as a way to get smaller transisitors. One example is that graphene transistors are very â€Å"leaky† compared to those made of silicon- that is, more charge can escape from them. This means that graphene chips are likely to run much hotter than silicon chips. Graphene has several very appealing traits. Electrons meet much less resistance from graphene than they do from silicon, traveling through it more than 100 times as easily. And because graphene is essentially a two-dimensional material, building smaller devices with it and controlling the flow of electricity within them are easier than with three-dimensional alternatives like silicon transistors. The finding underscores graphene’s potential for serving as an excellent electronic material, such as silicon, that can be used to develop new kinds of transistors based on quantum physics. Because they encounter no obstacles, the electrons in graphene roam freely across the sheet of carbon, conducting electric charge with extremely low resistance. The research team, led by Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau, found that the electrons in graphene are reflected back by the only obstacle they meet: graphene’s boundaries. â€Å"These electrons meet no other obstacles and behave like quantum billiard balls. â€Å"They display properties that resemble both particles and waves. † when the electrons are reflected from one of the boundaries of graphene, the original and reflected components of the electron can interfere with each other, the way outgoing ripples in a pond might interfere with ripples reflected back from the banks. he â€Å"electronic interference† by measuring graphene’s electrical conductivity at extremely low (0. 26 Kelvin) temperatures. She explained that at such low temperatures the quantum properties of electrons can be studied more easily. The electrons in graphene can display wave-like properties, which could lead to interesting applications such as ballistic transistors, which is a new type of tr ansistor, as well as resonant cavities for electrons, that a resonant cavity is a chamber, like a kitchen microwave, in which waves can bounce back and forth. Scientifically, it has become a new odel system for condensed-matter physics, the branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of solid materials. Graphene enables table-top experimental tests of a number of phenomena in physics involving quantum mechanics and relativity. Bearing excellent material properties, such as high current-carrying capacity and thermal conductivity, graphene ideally is suited for creating components for semiconductor circuits and computers comparing with silicon. Its planar geometry allows the fabrication of electronic devices and the tailoring of a variety of electrical properties. Because it is only one-atom thick, it can potentially be used to make ultra-small devices and further miniaturize electronics. Image shows graphene, which can act as an atomic-scale billiard table, with electric charges acting as billiard balls. (Credit: Lau lab, UC-Riverside) Silicon has been the main ingredient in microchips since they replaced vacuum tubes in electronics. But the common element graphene, found in pencils, may one day supplant silicon on the billion-dollar foundries of IBM, Intel and AMD. Graphene shares the characteristics that make silicon so ubiquitous, not just in computers and cell phones, but in such applications as medical and aviation sensors, ultrahigh-frequency analog electronics for preparing signals for fiber-optic transmission or for radars. Graphene can do what silicon can, only better. Graphene has extraordinary electron-transport properties; its monolayer thickness yields exquisite sensitivity to changes in environment, and its mechanical and thermal properties equal or exceed those of the best conventional materials. The superior properties of graphene and graphene-related materials present an extraordinary opportunity for enabling new classes of electronic, optoelectronic and electromechanical devices and sensors The first commercial use for graphene may be as an electrical coating for LCD screens, solar cells, and touch screens. Thin, transparent, extremely conductive, and strong, it seems ideal for the job. ONE OF THE APPLICATION Graphene Quilts to Keep Things Cool December 21, 2009 {draw:frame} Graphene University of California, Riverside (UCR) Professor of Electrical Engineering and Chair of Materials Science and Engineering Alexander Balandin is leading several projects to explore ways to use the unique capabilities of graphene â€Å"quilts† as heat conductors in high-power electronics. Graphene is a recently discovered single-atom-thick carbon crystal, which reveals many unique properties. In Balandin’s designs, graphene â€Å"quilts† (large-area overlapping networks of graphene flakes) will play quite an opposite role of your grandma’s quilts. They will remove heat instead of retaining it. His work on graphene heat-conducting coats for heat removal from high-power gallium-nitride transistors is being funded by a recently awarded $420,000 grant from U. S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). It aims at an experimental proof-of-concept demonstration to be conducted in Balandin’s Nano-Device Laboratory (NDL). In addition to the ONR grant, Balandin received a new three-year subcontract with the Interconnect Focus Center (IFC), based at the Georgia Institute of Technology, that deals with graphene interconnects and heat spreaders for three-dimensional (3-D) electronics. According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, in the next five years, up to 80 percent of microprocessor power will be consumed by the interconnect wiring—a driver for the search for new interconnect materials and innovative methods of heat removal. Another recent subcontract awarded to Balandin is with the Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics (FENA) center based at UCLA. In this center, he investigates the problems of energy dissipation in graphene nanostructures and nanodevices. Combined new funding secured by Balandin this month for the three projects exceeds $1 million. The centers’ funding comes from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). Because graphene is only one molecule thick, it didn’t lend itself to traditional methods of thermal conductivity measurement. Balandin led a team of researchers that first measured it using an original non-conventional technique in 2008. The procedure involved a non-contact approach on the basis of Raman spectroscopy utilizing the inelastic scattering of photons (light) by phonons (crystal vibrations). The power dissipated in graphene and corresponding temperature rise were detected by extremely small shifts in the wavelength of the light scattered from graphene. That was sufficient to extract the values of the thermal conductivity through an elaborate mathematical procedure. Balandin’s research group discovered that the thermal conductivity of large suspended graphene sheets varies in the range from about 3000 to 5300 W/mK (watts per meter per degree Kelvin) near room temperature. These are very high values, which exceed those of carbon nanotubes (3,000-3,500 W/mK) and diamond (1,000-2,200 W/mK). As a result of his findings, Balandin has proposed several innovative graphene-based approaches for thermal management , which might lead to creation of a new technology for local cooling and hot-spot spreading in the high-power-density and ultra-fast chips. A detailed description of Balandin’s graphene and thermal management research can be found in his invited popular science article, â€Å"Chill Out,† in the October 2009 issue of IEEE Spectrum, the magazine of the The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). How to cite Graphene Replaced with Copper, Papers

Health and Disability Commissioner Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Health and Disability Commissioner. Answer: LO1 The Health and Disability Commissioner has been established as a crown entity in NZ for the purpose of protecting and promoting the rights of consumers taking health and disability services as well as for the facilitation of simple, fair, efficient and speedy resolution of any issues raised by them. The body has been established through the provisions of the Health and Disability Commissioner Act 1994. In the light of the purpose of the body there are a few express functions it carries out throughout the county in the field of heath care. The body has the function of promoting by publicity and education, observance of and respect for the rights of disability and health services consumers and specifically towards the promotion of awareness in consumers of health and disability services as well as providers of such services about the rights of the consumers and how such rights can be enforced by them. It is also the function of the body to publish reports and make public statements wit h respect to matters affecting the rights of consumers in health and disability sector which also incorporates reports and statements promoting compliance with and an understanding of the provisions of the Act and the professional code of conduct. The body functions as the first platform where complaints are received from heath care providers and ensures that the complaints are properly addressed. The body has the function of investigating on a complaint made by the consumer and identifies the breaches in relation to Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights 1996. The body establishes guidelines in relation to the operation of advocacy services. The body also refers investigations and complaints to Director of Proceedings so that a future course of action can be identified. The body also has the power and functions of suggesting a person in relation to any matter regarding their interest in the health and disability services. The body makes recommendations from time to time in relation Minister of Health with respect to the Code. Any functions which have been authorized by the minister are also to be performed by the body. Another body which operates in relation to healthcare in UK is the Human Rights Review Tribunal. In this tribunal a claim can be initiated against a government agency or a person by any aggrieved party or The Office of Human Rights Proceedings. The Director of Human Rights Proceedings may also bring a proceeding before the tribunal. The representation is only made when it is not contrary to public interest or the issue has a question oflaw to be addressed. Actions can be brought by the claimant themselves if the directors do not wish to represent the proceeding. Proceedings which are brought against health practitioners in NZ are heard by the Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal. The administration of the body is done through the Ministry of health and in it scope includes doctors, nurses, dentists, chiropractors and osteopaths. The tribunal had been established through the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 s. 84 (legislation.govt.nz 2018). LO2 Healthcare services are subjected to both civil andcriminal law provisions. Civil law and criminal law are different from one another based on several aspects such as penalties, person bring the suit and standard and burden of proof required. The purpose ofcivil law is to address disputes which arise between organizations, individuals, or between both where the primary motive is awarding compensation to the aggrieved party for losses. On the other hand criminal law deals with legal punishment of criminal conduct and criminal activities. Criminal law has the purpose of ensuring stability within the society and the country by methods of punishments to deter the wrongdoers to commit to such activities in the future. When it comes to civil law a claim is filed by an individual or an organization however in terms of criminal law the plaintiff is the government. The jury may not provide an unanimous opinion in terms of civil law and are present mostly in criminal cases. When decision are p rovided in relation to a civil claim the wrongdoer may be prosecuted as being liable or not liable on the other hand in case of a criminal claim the offender is addressed as guilty or not guilty. One of the most important differences in relation to civil and criminal law is in relation to the standard of proof. When it comes to civil law the standard of proof required is "Preponderance of evidence." This means that the plaintiff has to provide proof before the court which provides the claim to be beyond balance of probability. In criminal law however the standards of proof is different, here the claimant has to provide evidence which makes the claim beyond reasonable doubt (Rakoff Goldstein, 2017). This means that there can be no reasonable doubt that the defendant has not committed the crime. From the analysis of the medication error case it is can be stated that the case is evidently of a civil nature. This is because in the parties involved are the hospital and the family of the deceased person. There was not actions which had been committed by the RN intentionally thus the Mens Rea required to formulate a criminal activity is not present (Healy, 2016). In this case the nurse failed to provide proper medication to the deceased person because of a presuming that the doctor had made a typing error in relation to the power of the medicine. She further breached few other provisions of the code by not documenting the advice of the medical staff and not informing them about the EWS score of the patient. In the given situation as the breach of code involved civil penalties it can be stated that the case is of a civil nature and not criminal. In addition in this case the decision which had been provided by the commissioner was to provide further training to the RN and issue a letter of apology. These penalties imposed are also of a civil nature. In addition the commissioner had to determine whether the RN was liable or not and not whether she is guilty or not guil ty (hdc.org.nz , 2018). Thus the case is a civil claim. LO3 Through the analysis of the case in relation to the medication error it has been identified that the case was primarily of a civil natures. The laws which are in place for the purpose of governing the actions of staff involved in health care are provided through a few legislation and codes of practices (Furrow et al., 2014). The provisions which associated with such case is the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights which has been established through the Health and Disability Commissioner Act. The code provides that consumers of healthcare have rights and providers of healthcare have duties. The fourth right provided by the code is the Right to services of an appropriate standard. This means that the consumers are provided with a right to be treated with reasonable skill and care, the health care providers have to act in compliance with professional and legal standards, services needs to be provided in relation to the needs of the consumer and healthcare providers s hould work to minimize any potential risks to the consumer and enhance their quality of life (Forrester and Griffiths, 2014). The code provides rights to the consumers which are similar to that of in the law of negligence relating to a duty to act with reasonableness towards those who can be harmed by the actions of the individual. It is further provided through the code that a service provider would be held not to have violated the code if reasonable actions have been taken by him in the circumstances which existed in order to ensure compliance with the code. However there is no specific provisions which are present to determine this reasonability such as the objective test which is present in relation to the tort of negligence. One good thing about the code from the perspective of the consumers is that the burden of proof is on the service providers (Hall et al., 2018). Healthcare is a sector where a little negligence and non compliance may result in dire circumstances for the plaintiff (Perlin, Dorfman Weinstein, 2018). If the services providers observe any form of negligence in terms of the healthcare consumers, the consumers may even die as it was seen in the present case. Thus in this situation civil penalties are not adequate and it requires intervention of the government and criminal law to punish those whose actions are causing significant harm to the others (Mikula, Abraham Townshend, 2017). Civil penalties such as retraining or apology letter are definitely not adequate to compensate the loss faced by the plaintiff and the family. As per the law of negligence any loss is reasonably foreseeable and has been caused has to be compensated by the wrongdoer. These principles should also be applied in consumer rights in relation to healthcare. In addition the healthcare providers have to be punished with criminal penalties in case of a serious b reach so that further occurrence of such an act is deterred. LO4 My occupation is of a nurse working in a hospital. The occupation is registered in nature. There have been various lessons learnt by me from analyzing the case which would have an impact on my current and future professional practice. As a registered nurse there are several laws which I need to comply with in relation to my practice including Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 and Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights 1996. Any of my practice which is not of a competent standard may be brought before the health practitioners disciplinary tribunal which has been established under section 84 of the HPCAA. The HPCAA provides procedures and regulations which need to be followed and complied with me respectively when indulging in healthcare practices. All certificates and competency level along with fitness while practicing and quality assurance have to be maintained by me under Part 2 and 3 of the HPCAA. I also got to know through the analysis that there are significant rights and duties which are provided to the consumers and imposed on health practitioners by the Code. According to the code the consumers have the right to be treated with respect in relation to their privacy, values and belief of people belonging to different cultures. The consumers are provided with the right to be free from any form of exploitation, harassment, coercion and discrimination and thus I must refrain from such conduct at any cost in relation to my practice. Consumers are provided a right to independence and dignity and thus I need to provide them the services in a way here their independence and dignity is respected. It is also the right of the consumers under law to provide with services which are of a relevant and appropriate standard. In the present case this right was at issue and the RN failed to observe appropriate standards in relation to the services provided to the victim. She was negligent in her actions which cannot be tolerated from a professional in a healthcare profession. I need to therefore ensure that I do not indulge in any of such mistakes in relation to my present and future practices as a registered healthcare practitioner (Forrester and Griffiths 2014). The law imposes an obligation on me to provide my best efforts while discharging my duties and I have come to know though the case analyses that I may be prosecuted for any negligence committed by me which is not a result of reasonableness. I also have to effectively notify the consumers through the help of proper communication means about any information which may be relevant to them from current and future situation and a failure to do so would result in the violation of the code. I also have to respect the rights of the consumers to be totally informed about the treatment which is to be provided to them and must not compromise in any way with such rights. Thus the most important implicat ion of the above discussed case and legislation is that if rights of consumers are not respected then legal consequences may arise in current and future practices. References Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights 1996 Forrester, K. and Griffiths, D., 2014.Essentials of Law for Health Professionals-eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences. Furrow, B., Greaney, T., Johnson, S., Jost, T., Schwartz, R. (2014).Health law. West Academic. Hall, M. A., Orentlicher, D., Bobinski, M. A., Bagley, N., Cohen, I. G. (2018).Health care law and ethics. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Health and Disability Commissioner Act 1994 Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 No 48 (as at 07 March 2017), Public Act Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal New Zealand Legislation. (2018). Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 March 2018, from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2003/0048/latest/DLM203891.html Healy, J., 2016.Improving health care safety and quality: reluctant regulators. Routledge. Mikula, A. V., Abraham, S., Townshend, G. (2017).Health care law: a practical guide. LexisNexis. Perlin, M. L., Dorfman, D., Weinstein, N. (2018). 'On Desolation Row': The Blurring of the Borders Between Civil and Criminal Mental Disability Law, and What It Means For All of Us. Rakoff, J. S., Goldstein, H. W. (2017).RICO: Civil and Criminal Law and Strategy. Law Journal Press. Search decisions - Health and Disability Commissioner. (2018). Hdc.org.nz. Retrieved 16 March 2018, from https://www.hdc.org.nz/decisions/search-decisions/2017/15hdc01664/

I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Essay Example

I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni Paper I am going to compare two poems called I know why the caged bird sings By Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping By Nikki Giovanni. Both of these poems are about wanting to be free and what they went through their life, however each of the poems has its own perspective, I know why the caged bird sings is rather in a more negative mood because it is saying she wants to be free, Ego Tripping is more positive because she is saying how free she is and how good her life is. To start I will analyse I know why the caged bird sings By Maya Angelou. In the poem Maya Angelou is talking about black people being trapped and have no say, She betray them by bird trapped in a cage with no speech, The poem mentions Problems she faces throughout her life, and says its no different being free or not because she cant do anything. Caged Bird is a poem about freedom. The free bird symbolizes a person from the white society, and the caged bird symbolizes a person from the black society. In the first stanza, the free bird is described. leaps, floats, dares, claim are used to describe the free bird, which indicates how courageous, powerful and arrogant it is. The second stanza starts with a But, which immediately awakens negative feelings. The words used to describe the caged bird are stalks, clipped and tied, the bird is not able to do what it wants. Also, in the second stanza, unexpectedly the caged bird opens his throat to sing. This action is very ironic, as normally you sing when you are happy, and we expect the free bird to do that. We will write a custom essay sample on I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Ego Tripping by Nikki Giovanni specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the song doesnt have a happy tune. Its a desperate cry for freedom. Theres a description of the cage that the bird is in, bars of rage. It shows similarities to being in a prison. There are no descriptions of the caged birds own point of view, of things unknown but longed for still. He cant see, he doesnt know. The free bird almost takes things for granted, dips his wing in the orange suns rays. Nevertheless, the caged bird can appreciate them. In the third stanza, trill, hill and still, heard and bird do rhyme. Rhyme tries to create a pattern, a neatness. Perhaps like the cage that contains the bird that wants to break free. The birds Life is repentant, maybe thats why theres a rhyme. Another pattern in the poem is between the stanzas: free bird, caged bird, refrain about caged bird; free bird, caged bird, refrain about caged bird. The refrain along with the phrase caged bird repeated in the beginning of all the stanzas which are about the caged bird, are for emphasis. It gives a feeling of how desperate he is. In the fourth stanza, the lines start to get Longer. This may be Linked to having more space to move, and therefore freedom- as it talks about the free bird. In the 3rd and 4th Lines, lawn and own are par rhymes, and own is Like a faint echo of the sound. In the 5th stanza, the Longer Lines may be Linked with the possibility of the bird being free. The words used to describe both the free and the caged bird almost sound the same, but they are different. Perhaps it reflects the two birds that are different whilst the caged bird wants to be Like the free bird. In the last stanza the first couple of lines are saying how the black people wish for freedom and people far away know that they are wishing to be free. In the last line she writes for the cadged bird sings for freedom this is a catchy ending people the reader remembers that most, the audience get told that several times so it is constantly being thrown at them The themes in this poem are freedom, unfairness, slavery and isolation. It may be Linked with gender, individuals, adults Limiting the youth, racial inequality, someone in prison or social oppression. The second poem I am going to compare I know why the caged bird sings with is called Ego Tipping by Nikki Giovanni. The poem is about how a black woman comparing herself to the Gods. She is saying that no one is better than her and she controls everything. This is saying that if your black or white you should be as free and as equal as each other and that everyone on earth should have the same rights and opportunities. In the first stanza she is writing about where she was born and how she grew up, she says i was born in Congo this could mean was bought up in Congo and was born there, Also the first three lines all Start with I this is very repetitive, Nikki Giovanni does this to tell the reader and give them a strong impression on things about her, I walked to the Fertile Crescent and built the sphinx this is referring to the slaves that built the sphinx, and how she is classed the same as them, and still they can make good things. She says I am bad, this is short, blunt and effective. It gets the point across that not everyone likes her, and may have done something wrong before. I sat on the throne, drinking nectar with Allah this line is very Strong and meaningful, as she is classing herself high enough to drink nectar with a god, Nectar was a very expensive thing at the times when she wrote this poem so she is saying there is nothing she cannot have. I got hot and sent an ice age to Europe this line shows that she is powerful and can do anything she wants, but selfish, as sending an ice age to Europe would kill millions of people, She is referring that she is controlling the earth and natural disasters. The tears from my birth pains created the Nile, she is now saying she is big and important she creates all the landmarks too. The second short sentence in the poem is I am beautiful this sentence is straight to the point and it also shows that she is proud of herself and she thinks that she is a perfectionist, But however this can also means that she is ugly so she is trying to look better by saying she looks beautiful. In the next stanza she is talking about how she created parts of the earth like she says I gazed onto the forest and burned out the Sahara desert. the time that the poem was written in religions was a big part of peoples lives they believe in god and now Nikki Giovanni is saying she is every god. n stanza five she mentions My son Noah built an ark and I stood proudly at the helm this means that she has given birth to a man who saved the animals, She also says My bowels deliver uranium she is now boasting and saying that even her wastes everyone craves for and it is expensive. The last stanza Nikki Giovanni says I am so perfect so divine so surreal. I cannot be comprehended without my permission. I mean I can fly, like a bird in the sky she says this to tell the ready she is everywhere she is so perfect she cannot make mistakes. The two poems that I have analysed are both very similar in topic but they have different view points towards it, I know why the caged bird sings is more sad and depressing, whereas Ego Tripping is more happy and joyful. The first poem shows how black people get treated badly and being discriminated and then the whites gets all the freedom. The second poem is opposite to the first one because she is saying she is god there is nothing she cant do and she is a African American, This shows is feels free and unlike before they had no freedom.

Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work

Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work Have you made or tried a natural homemade mosquito repellent? If so, let other readers who whether it was effective for you. Do you have any favorite natural mosquito repellent recipes? Lemon Juice Lemon juice worked really well for me, and Im a mosquito magnet. I had shorts on and put lemon juice (just normal lemon juice you can buy from the store) on my legs (it wasnt sticky) and the mosquitoes stopped biting my legs. Unfortunately, I didnt have a sprayer and they moved on to biting me through my shirt; but not my legs though! - Charlie Wow Vicks Really So simple an I think it works!! Just tried it this morning and no bites (yet! Knock on wood!) I was mixing up all these spices from the kitchen then came across that post and thank goodness I did! I just moved back to Orlando and the Mosquitos here are only getting worse!! I havent been going outside. I think and hope u solved my problem!!!! Thank u!!! - Flsnowbunnyy Mr Clean please stop! I would like to ask Guest Mr Clean to re-consider applying dryer softener sheets to his and his childrens skin. Chemicals in the sheets might absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, possibly affecting the brain or other vital organs. With all due respect, it just doesnt seem safe. - NatureHealth Dawn I set out a container with water near patio. When larva appear I add a drop of two of Dawn. I have also caught adult mosquitoes. This seem to reduce the overall population in the area. I keep a ceiling fan on high when on the patio and the mosquitoes stay away. I suspect the fan dissipates the CO2 from my breath that attracts them. - Guest Donald Natural Mosquito repellent!! Rub a light layer of vicks rub on the bare skin! Not only will you be able to breathe well... little pesky boogers stay away!!! :) - VICKS GOTTA TRY IT CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE Ive been using regular bounty dryer sheets for about a year now on my self as well as my 6 yr old, 4 yr old and 1 yr old, and it works AMAZINGLY!!! Just rub it on and thats it! I even tape them to the inside of my tent while camping and Ive killed one maybee 2 sqeeters. - Mr. Clean Vinegar of the Four Thieves This stuff kept away the Bubonic Plague! Seriously strong but natural and cheaper than oils. Smells foul when wet but OK when dry: Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent Ingredients: ââ€"  1 32 ounce bottle of Apple Cider Vinegar ââ€"  2 TBSP each of dried Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Thyme and Mint ââ€"  At least quart size glass jar with airtight lid How to Make the Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent: 1.Put the vinegar and dried herbs into large glass jar. 2.Seal tightly and store on counter or place you will see it daily. Shake well each day for 2-3 weeks. 3.After 2-3 weeks, strain the herbs out and store in spray bottles or tincture bottles, preferably in fridge. 4.To use on skin, dilute to half with water in a spray bottle and use as needed. 5.Use whenever you need serious bug control! [Note: This mixture is very strong and has antiviral and antibacterial properties.] - Normski It works I take cinnamon pills. I have not been bitten in over 2 years. - twice shy Mosquito repellent fumes Mixture of dried leaves and fruit coats of tree Pongamia Pinneta with 2 % Neem oil and 2 % Pongamia Pinneta oil when burned like incense sticks to give fumes repels mosquitoes from the room. Pongamia Pinneta is called KARANJ in Hindi. - Sushil Kumar Sharma Natural Room Spray Gday! A while ago my Mum found a great add in the paper with how to make this, we went and bought all the essential oils and carrier oil which cost a fortune at the time we figured, we were getting our moneys worth if it worked, which it did !It was great! Now I want to make it up, Mum cant find the list of ingredients! sigh, all I can remember, is it had metholated spirits and water with it, vinegar and about 8 or more 100% pure oils, you would literally see the flies come in and back off where she had sprayed in the kitchen, can anyone help here? I possibley have some of the ingredients wrong and it was in a spray bottle. I do know of a mix to deter toads though, its affectionately known by my friends who invented it as 8 hops cos thats about as far as they get after being sprayed by it, I spray around my doorways and sliding doors, to prevent them coming into the house. Its half and half of Metholated Spirits and Dettol, dont use cheap brands they stink. - Tonianne repellents citronella is the best! try it now please - adrian Mosquitoes repellents I have try inside my apartament, the little patio and entrance putting a glass gar with water and smash garlic, it seams that have worked on me. You can try that. - Margie SantaMaria lavender oil i usually get tons of mosquito bites when i go camping but the last couple of times i went i used lavender oil as a mosquito repellent and it worked amazingly! i didnt get a single bite! - crystal vinegar I was told that regular vinegar would repel them but it didnt. i also tried that thing you clip on and it didnt work either. Anyone have any experience with those two? my friend tried the vinegar and it worked for her. and people swear by the clip on thingy. i wonder why they still attack me. - sharon Skin So Soft has DEET Avon Skin So Soft is an effective repellent because it contains DEET. And DEET is less expensive than the Avon product... - Kathryn CATNIP OIL is HATED by mosquitos! Cant believe you didnt mention the essential oil of Catnip! It is off the charts for keeping mosquitos away, AND it doesnt stink! One way you can mix essential oils into water based products is to mix Polysorbate 20 with your essential oil 1:1 BEFORE mixing into water or vinegar..Basically the polysorbate is a naturally derived emulsifier. It will make your oil mix into water so it is equally dispersed, say, in a sprayer. I buy my catnip and polysorbate 20 from a small essential oil distributer. Prob cant name it here, but just google it. You can mix in Witch Hazel instead of water or vinegar or just use all three. - gina castor oil is NOT an essential oil Castor oil is a carrier oil, but I would not recommend it for an application like this since it is very thick and sticky. Two other EOs which are mosquito repellents are Lemongrass and Lavender. - Erin retired chem teacher liquid Ivory soap for dishes worked very well with the added benefit of being able to clean dishes. I rubbed one arm only with it and mosquitoes stayed away for over an hour. My other arm was attacked often. - DHK Listerine and Mosquitoes My little Yorkie gets deathly sick from heartworm medication, cant tolerate most chemicals so can never take her out in evening/early morning. Last year on a tip, tried putting a neckerchief on her sprayed with Listerine...and slapped some on me too (I seem to be a major mosquito magnet). Well, it worked like a charm! Unbelievably, I didnt get a single bite and I live in a huge mosquito infested area d/t lots of woods and ponds. Still dont like taking my little pooch out at night, but if I must take her somewhere, I dont leave home without her Listerine soaked neckachief and I love that there are no harsh chemicals to stress her liver and pancreas (she suffers from chronic pancreatitis so its essential I totally limit chemicals on her). - Judyann J Neem Oil Light up the tip of a wick (4 inch long cotton threads rolled by hand to form a wick) immersed in a small dish containing NEEM )oil (50ml costs Ind.Rs50/- ).The fumes are not harmful.ventilate the room after half hour.the mosquitoes fly away if windows are open.The just DROP DEAD if this lighted lamp is kept in a closed room. I have tried it and it really works. for outdoors, you can rub neem oil on the exposed part of the body to keep away mosquitoes. - JAYAKUMAR.R Listerine I Have tried this , spraying it full strength on my dogs bed at night. It definately helps reduce the number of mozzies but not all of them. My dog doesnt mind the smell, I used the regular brand listerine. However my friend sprayed her back yard area with the mint listerine and she said it attracted a lot of ants, so she advises againt the sweeter style listerine. - fastpurpleharley Ms. Im such a mosquito magnet (also black biting flies) that my kids say Throw Momma off the deck! In a short trip outside today, I got 4 bites, my husband got none. My skin temp is cooler than most; its not the time of the month (Im past that). Oddly I think Im totally immune to poison ivymay never have had it. Connection? - Ellen Know your oils! To repond to Keithgvp Cassia Oil is NOT Cinnamon Oil. - Tommy Internal Mosquito Repellant Ive found that taking excessive amounts of Vitamin C for a few days before going camping keeps mosquitos and bugs in general away from me. Being water soluble, Vitamin C wont accumulate in the body, but instead will be excreted in sweat. Bugs hate it! NOTE: If you experience diarrhea youre taking too much. - drdulttl lemon EUCALYPTUS Ok so if you buy lemon eucalyptus as a liquid incense it is far more cheaper than buying the oil, as you can dilute the incense in baby oil or mix it with body lotion apply. And this way it is cheaper and probably better for your skin as with the oil it wasnt really designed for the skin but for oil burners. As well another good technique if you have a baby is to just spray a little on their teddy/doll or something they sleep with. And yes lemon eucalyptus does work (personal experience). - kandii mosquito repellent I hear that spraying oneself and area with the reg. listerine helps get rid of mosquitoes. I hope this helps. - audrey essential oil caution When using any essential oil, mix a small amount first and test it on your wrist. If you have a bad reaction, dont use it! The only oil I have issues with is Lemon. Cinnamon Oil has been a favorite of mine for other uses, so will be trying it as a mosquito repellent tonight. Im guessing the camphor and eucalyptus in Vicks is what does the trick against mosquitos. - Everythingherbal Listerine Dryer Sheets I live in Northern California. We have mosquitoes. I spend a lot of time in the woods and attract the little buggers like crazy. I have found Regular Listerine( buy the cheaper generic brands ) and even clothing softener sheets work very well . I see where the mouth wash contains eucalyptus oil and I prefer it to the sheets . I just use it undiluted in a spray bottle..Apply it every couple of hours. - Jim All Natural Bug Deterrent Candle I make soy wax candles and have been wanting to make a Be Gone Bug one, esp living in the Southeast! Ill let ya know how it turns out... - Heather Jernigan Repellent Alternative I like the idea of making my own insect repellent but I don’t always have the time (or all the ingredients) to do so. I did some research and learned that Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) is the only plant based product recommended by the EPA and CDC for use as an insect repellent. (Check out cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/RepellentUpdates.htm if your interested in what they have to say) OLE is proven to work as well as DEET without the harmful effects. If anyone is interested in trying it, Cutter and Repel both make an OLE product - Ashley mint leaves and vicks can help Ive found Vicks very useful as the mosquito repellent. Whats the annoying chemical in it for mosquitoes? For other insects such as house flies, I found mint leaves dipped in a bowl of water are very effective. - irfana aamir Mosquito repellents I have used Avons repellent also, but I discovered if I get some mosquito fish and put them in water around the outside or see standing water and dump it out it helps keep them down. I know some parts of our country are just mosquito prone. I wish everyone could get some fish that eat this kind of pest. - Anna Elizabeth Wooten vics I found that if I apply Vicks on a few places on my legs, arms and forehead I have no problem the whole night. - AK4Services Dangerous Cinnamon Oil! This is dangerous! I am warning readers not to try cinnamon oil, even diluted 20 to 1, as a mosquito repellent. At that ratio I sprayed some on my face and shoulders (luckily not in my eyes) and in seconds my skin was red and burning. I was in agony as I tried to wash it off, and covered my skin with bicarbonate of soda (a base). I cant believe a PhD would recommend this as a treatment without probably trying it herself. This seems highly irresponsible. Imagine if someone, perhaps a child, sprayed themselves with a cinnamon oil repellent and was nowhere near a source to wash it off? Again, This is a highly dangerous substance: WARNIING, DO NOT USE CINNAMON OIL! (or at the least, the kind I purchased - Chinese Cassia Cinnamon Oil made by a company called Now Foods, in Bloomingdale Il. However, I have had success with a lemon-eucalyptus combination cut with witch hazel. - Keithgvp The Listerine Remedy Ive tried Listerine on and around my doors to keep mosquitoes away. It works just fine. Although you do have to reapply every couple of days, it sure beats spending big $$ on commercial repellents. The old tried and true Skin So Soft (Avon)works well also, in conjunction with one of the oils. Skin so Soft works well on my grandson. But if we are going out for a LONG time, I will lightly spray his clothing BEFORE he is dressed with Off. I just find using a variety of methods is quite efffective. - Mellinpie Listerine for Mosquito control I too have heard of using Listerine around the deck and on the screens and windows. Has anyone else heard of this? If so, how well does it work and why? - James Talley Mosquito Repellent For a couple of backyard events, before guests arrived, we sprayed equal parts of lemon-flavored ammonia mixed with lemon Joy or Dawn (liquid dishwashing soaps) in one of those Miracle Grow hose dispensers, and sprayed around the yard and bushes. This is a temporary fix, but seemed to help. - jandalton Favorite Natural Mosquito Repellents The easiest repellent to make, for me, has been cinnamon oil in olive oil or another vegetable oil. Unlike most of the other mosquito-repelling oils, I actually have cinnamon oil in the cupboard to use as a flavoring for cooking. A little goes a long ways... dont over the cinnamon, especially if you are going to use the product on your skin. If you rub it in your eyes it will burn. My favorite natural mosquito repellent, in terms of effectiveness and scent, is lemon eucalyptus oil in either vodka (non-greasy) or else a mix of vodka and vegetable oil. Another really good natural mosquito repellent is lemon oil. If you arent up for making your own insect repellent, Ive seen lemon oil available commercially as a Burts Bees bath oil. - gemdragon

Sonny Blue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sonny Blue - Research Paper Example Because it is not limited by fact, proof or dimension, fiction can focus on fundamental truths to a much greater degree as only those elements that speak to that truth need be used. The reader is then guided through a targeted message, where numerous elements combine to suggest the underlying nature of human existence. This capacity to reveal human nature within fiction is especially helpful when attempting to depict various ways of life, or aspects of social culture. Quality fiction, regardless of when it was written or the length of the written text, can reveal significant aspects of human nature and thus reveal us to ourselves as we identify various elements of the story with our everyday lives. Literature such as James Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† illuminates the way in which the unique sounds of the black neighborhood serves as a sort of life-raft to the multi-faceted melody of the soul, symbolizing how individuals are different and communicati ng the extreme importance and value of listening. James Baldwin spent most of his adult life living in France, but is widely recognized as an essentially American writer. Having been born and raised in New York’s Harlem district, he was intimately familiar with the sights and sounds that appeared in his stories even though he’d put an entire ocean between them. Born in 1924 to an unmarried woman placed a stigma on his head that would continue to haunt him and cause friction between himself and his adoptive father, David Baldwin (Leeming, 1994). Although seen to attempt following the straight and narrow course outlined for him by his father in becoming a Pentecostal preacher at age 14, by the time he was 17 Baldwin had moved to the artist’s neighborhood of Greenwich Village and was beginning his writing career (Leeming, 1994). Inequality and hatred for his race and sexuality drove Baldwin to seek a more forgiving community and he moved to France, a move that would

Promoting a Healthy Housing Environment for the Older People Article

Promoting a Healthy Housing Environment for the Older People - Article Example The government visualizes the board as the main point in making decisions concerning the wellbeing and the local health (Cattan & Tilford, 2013, p. 3). Â  Houses developed for the older people in Devon are designed to enable older people to achieve greater independence and for their wellbeing. This is because they live freely in their own apartments that are designed and suitable for their conditions. There are a variety of housing options and care option. Some of the features that are prone in those houses are; the houses are accessible, this is because they designed for independent older people including those that are not physically fit. They are provided with Tele-care services where the majority of them run for twenty-four hours. These people do ensure and monitor their steps to ensure their wellbeing. There are provided with benefits such as communal services (Cattan & Tilford, 2013, p. 3). Â  The houses are usually cost friendly and so the majority of older people is able to afford them. There are also located in secure places. Their landlords, managing the house are professionals that are able to handle their business with the old people. The service providers, the tenant, the landlord and the Tele-care people are all human friendly, therefore, the environment is usually friendly for the elderly (Wahl, 2010, p. 13). Â  

International History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International History - Essay Example The widest description of civilization is however the definition of a more complex lifestyle that encompasses urban culture and practice of complicated activities such as farming and construction of complex structures. In doing such complex activities therefore indicate a state of sophisticated way of thinking, change of taste, and improvement of behavior. Civilized communities are now described by the way they live i.e. organized leadership (governments), literacy, social integration, economic coordination and other cultural characteristics. The general question of concern is why early civilization materialized along river valleys The answer to this question is that rivers provided a source of dependable livelihood throughout the year. As the old adage goes, water is life; rivers provided a supply of water for farming, for people's consumption and other domestic uses. Rivers also worked as micro climate regulation influencing vegetation, type of weather, natural features and topography besides the land around river is usually very fertile and hence encouraged farming (McEvedy, 2002 p.30). Whereas people appeared to be dependant on these rivers, there river stimulated innovations that lead to emergence of new and refined institutional organization, technology development and economic management. Civilization along river valleys was a self determining factor and no relations whatsoever to other rivers but had some similar characteristics. Some of the early river civilizations that have been described are along R. Nile, R. Indus, R. Tigris and R. Euphrates (McEvedy, 2002 p.34). Contrary to river valley civilization, barbarian civilization also emerged at the same time among groups of people that practiced nomadic pastoralist. Barbarism describes a situation that reduces civilization process due to communal disintegration caused by lack of industrial progression. Such societies lagged behind in technical development and were deemed low-grade compared to other communities. Some of communities that endured this civilization set back developed to become nomadic pastoralists and practiced free farming. The emergence of Nomadic pastoralist has been described to be a consequence of Neolithic Revolution. Domestication of animals and more so herbivores and farming, cleared more land and pastures, as a consequence, communities had to migrate to other areas in search for greener pastures (McEvedy 2002 p.38-40). Factors that contributed to such migrations included seasons of droughts, overpopulation, attacks from other hostile communities and search for water. Historic ally it has been ascertained that Nomadic Pastoralist lead to development of hostility among pastoral communities towards others and they have been feared a lot even today. Coercive-Agrarian Civilization The agrarian civilization begun with the river valley civilization and the major characteristics of this civilization were; invention of writing, organization of communities into empires and construction of buildings and monuments. Invention of Writing The earliest writings of late years Before Christ are not considered as writings but rather as symbols. The earliest symbols were used to communicate messages to people and their complexity gradually grew to include rows aligned and could bring to mind an intuition of a clear text. It is very hard

Geographical Scales in Human Geography

Geographical Scales in Human Geography Identifying and analyzing varying geographical scales is paramount to the study of human geography. At the heart of the matter lies the assumption that human processes do not occur in isolation from one another but in fact directly impact on the whole. Therefore, issues and events that occur on one scale, for example at the rural level, impact and are impacted upon by events taking place at the urban, national and even global levels. It is essential therefore that the entire process be viewed as one unified developmental progression and not as single phenomena with independent repercussions. Such is the ultimate concern of this work. What follows below is analyses how of different scales of geographical study impact upon one another and therefore shape the manner in which we conceptualize human processes as a whole. The scales in question will be confined to four areas of geographical analysis: rural; social; political and consumption. It is by using such defined criteria that we abl e to better comprehend how human society functions. This above all is the primary benefit in employing such analytical techniques because in doing so we are able to encapsulate the whole; as apposed to merely assessing individual factors without understanding their wider context and implications. Let us begin by looking at rural aspects in Britain. In terms of numbers, the rural population accounts for far less than their urban counterparts. The general movement of people from the countryside to the towns that was indicative of the period following the industrial revolution continued well into the latter twentieth century, and although in recent years there have been suggestions that it is reversing; urban dwellers still make up the vast bulk of the national population. Given this, it would be natural to assume that rural Britain would be of lesser interest to the study of human geography. Indeed, there was a time when urban studies enjoyed a relative preponderance in this regard, however in recent years the countryside has again returned as an exiting point of analysis. This is mainly due to the fact that rural areas have become the focus of broader geographical study and cultural developments. Cloke offers us three reasons to explain this progression. Firstly, the study of countryside landscapes provides us with a demonstration of power relations in addition to being â€Å"subjects of desire† and conservation.[1] Secondly, the countryside is perfect for the study of how nature and space interact. Also, the manner in which human and non human forces exist and co exist can be examined in rural settings. Finally, the countryside can conceal the presence of â€Å"hidden others†. As Cloke explains; â€Å"issues of gender, sexuality, poverty and alternative lifestyles are important in this context†.[2] Furthermore, rural matters and concerns impact upon other geographical scales. A pertinent example of this was seen during the Countryside Alliance Liberty and Livelihood March in London when 400,000 protesters descended on the capital to voice their frustration at the â€Å"encroachment of urban bureaucracy† into their lives.[3] The march was primarily concerned with government plans to ban fox hunting, however its wider connotations show the extent to which scales of analysis directly impact upon one another and as such, broaden our understanding. The arena of politics, due to its very nature never acts in isolation. Political processes affect every form of human organization and therefore they are vital to our present discussion. There is little need to spend time assessing the impact of traditional politics; as this is largely obvious. Therefore, I will look at the issue of nationalism as a reference point for assessing one political impact in detail. Nationalism is essentially the feeling of association and identification that a particular group of people feel to a particular nation. However, what is a nation? If we look at it one way we can say that a nation or country is nothing more than a geographical portion of land that a collection of people have taken a liking to. Now it is at this point that the issue of nationalism becomes pertinent to the human geographer. As Pyrs Gruffudd has asserted, it is territorial ideology that drives nationalism and therefore, this â€Å"leads on to a whole raft of cultural relationships through which a people make a land their land.[4] Nation building is a process that usually takes centuries to complete however it is nonetheless always formed on a geographical identify. Nationalists of course conclude that they have a whole plethora of things in common that make them distinct from other nationalities. However, it is their geography that sets them apart more than anything else. Furthermore, h istorical undertones are invariably used to bolster nationalist sentiment; Adolf Hitler and Winston Churchill are classic examples. However, it is geographical underpinnings that form the foundation of this historical conception. A nation’s history is inextricably linked to its geographical space, which remains constant throughout the ages and therefore forms the basis upon which everything else ultimately rests.[5] Social geographers play a vital role in our process of conceptualizing human behavior. Above all, human behavior and the societal forces that dictate it form a large part of our identity and therefore go a long way to explaining human outcomes and events. It has been the case for many years now that the study of social geography has overlapped with; some argue even supplanted traditional sociology. Little time will be invested on such discussions here, but many social aspects of geographical study are strikingly similar to the issues pertinent to the sociologist. Social geography focuses its attention primarily on â€Å"social relations, groups and inequalities†.[6] The link with traditional geography is made by assessing social events and developments with reference to geographical phenomena. For example, one may examine how the social forces of a particular area have impacted upon its geographical nature. Also, the social geographer is concerned with examining how social constructs operate through geographical contours. Social geography does not offer the kind of in-depth societal analysis that we would find emanating from the sociologist or the anthropologist. However, this branch of geographical discipline is pivotal because instead offering detailed explanations of current social forces it suggests how these forces initially came about. As a paradoxical consequence of this it is then possible to trace social development and evolution, and account for modern phenomena and characteristics. As with all geographical disciplines, socia l geography is reliant on space for its analysis, however, it is also the study of place that determines much of the understanding here. The environment in which we live often dictates the outlook we will adopt and also has huge ramifications on our life options and choices. Furthermore, in addition to the impact on the individual there are also consequences for social formation and progression in general. Geography can have an enormous impact on local communities, particularly with the manner in which they develop cohesion and communal outlook. Who we are is therefore determined in many ways by where we are. Thus, the connotations that social geography has for other geographical areas and wider academic disciplines is considerable. In fact, as social foundations form the basis on which human existence essentially rests, we can conclude that the study of social geography, with its emphasis on the social implications of geographical factors is of paramount importance. The final area to which I will offer explanation is geographical consumption. At first sight consumption may appear a boring and relatively unimportant topic of discussion. However, this is most certainly not the case as issues pertaining to consumption have many times impacted on a massive scale. For example, it is not uncommon to find references to consumption and desire in analyses focused on the Cold War. In fact, some commentators have suggested that increased desire to consume on the part of many in the Eastern block played a considerable role in communisms demise. Consumption is therefore one of the ways that human geography crosses the boundaries of academia by infiltrating not only (in the above example) politics; but also economics. Nonetheless, the concentration on consumption is a relatively new addition to geographical study as previously; it was left to other academic areas to assess the impact of this most pertinent of issues. However, it is largely due to the importance of consumption in our every day lives that the subject has become a valid object of analysis for the human geographer. Furthermore, the extent to which consumption has impacted upon geography is also considerable and again has increased in recent years. A useful example that can amplify this development is to be found in the countryside. Traditionally, rural areas were considered to be bastions of production and not consumption. In the years before industrialization and large scale shipping altered food production and dispersal beyond all recognition, the countryside was a vital part of every nation’s survival. However, with the onset of global markets and multiple exports, the British countryside no longer acts as the nation’ s primary larder. As such, it is consumption that has filled the economic gap. The same of course can be said of Britain’s urban areas; once the home of the world most powerful productive machine. Since the onset of manufacturing demise in the mid to late twentieth century the factory and the mill have been replaced with the shopping centre and retail park. In addition, consumption contains a social facet. The cloths we wear and the car we drive all play a part in fostering our identity and as such, our social being. Therefore, the study of consumption provides the geographer with valued insight into human processes and also links together with other aspects of human study. In conclusion, it is clear how the above issues not only direct the study of human processes and events; but also impact upon one another. In doing so they form a whole that when conceptualized as such; can offer us a detailed and wide ranging assessment of how human beings order and organize their lives. Bibliography Cloke, Paul et al (Ed). Introducing Human Geographies. London: Arnold, 1999, Daniels, Peter. Human Geograhpy: Issues in the Twentieth Century. London: Pearson, 2001. Duncun, John and Agnew, John. The Power of Place: Bringing together geograhical and sociological imaginations. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Footnotes [1] P. Cloke, The country, in Cloke et al (Ed), Introducing Human Geographies, London: Arnold, 1999, 257. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid, 256. [4] P. Gruffudd, Nationalism, in Cloke et al (Ed), Introducing Human Geographies, London: Arnold, 1999, 201. [5] Ibid. [6] P. Cloke et al, Introducing Human Geographies, London: Arnold, 1999, 207.

Macbeth: Appearance vs Reality :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Appearance vs Reality The way people act on the outside and who they really are on the inside may be two totally different things. Some may change because they feel they don't fit in. Others pretend to be something they truly aren't. No matter which way you look at it, if you try to act like someone your not, the truth will always appear in the end. That is exactly what happened in William Shakespeare's play, MacBeth. Banquo, MacBeth, and Lady MacBeth each project an image, but as time passes. The realities of their true personalities begin to emerge. As an honorable man, Banqou tends to hold back his true feelings in order not to offend others around him. At one point in the play, Banqou and MacBeth find themselves in the presence of three weird sisters who make three absurd predictions. MacBeth leans toward believing them while Banqou says, "And oftentimes, to win us to do our harm, the instruments of darkness tells us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betray's in deepest consequence". (Act I, Scene 3) A thoughtful yet skeptical Banquo speaks his words here very carefully to MacBeth in order to remain honorable. He doesn't want to come right out and tell MacBeth to be cautious in his actions, so he tries to soften his words so that MacBeth might contemplate his future movements. However, MacBeth does not take heed of Banquo's warnings. Because of the witch's predictions and his impatience, MacBeth kills in order to get what he expects is coming to him. When Banquo takes time to contemplate what has been going on, he turns his thoughts to MacBeth. He expresses his feelings about the situation in Act II, Scene 1. Banqou feels that MacBeth might have something to do with the murders, but he never stands up for his thoughts or listens to his conscience until MacBeth comes to him one day. When MacBeth asks to talk privately to Banquo, Banquo states; " So I lose none in seeking to augment it, but still keep my bosom franchised and allegiances clear, I shall be counseled." (Act III, Scene 1) Banquo means that he will talk to MacBeth, just as long as MacBeth knows that he is loyal to the King. This is the only time that Banquo sets his foot down against others to stand up for his morals. Just like Banquo, MacBeth's appearance differs from his true self. MacBeth portrays himself to be strong and wise, but inside he is truly weak. When he first faces the witch's predictions, he says; " Come what come may, time